A hierarchical attention encoder (HAE) can extract deeper features and texture information, while preserving the overall structure of the image. This approach is often called computational thinking and is similar, in many ways, to the scientific method where were concerned with making predictions. The publicly available dataset used in this research can be obtained through the following link: The authors would like to thank the Key R&D plan of Shandong Province (2020JMRH0101), National Deep Sea Center. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257285. In this paper, we proposed an underwater image enhancement model based on a conditional generative adversarial network. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the As technology continues to become more and Texas schools have big changes on the horizon when it comes to digital skills. [, Peng, Y.T. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision, Venice, Italy, 2229 October 2017; pp. Pattern recognition in computational thinking uses the identification of similarities within a particular data set or sequence to simplify understanding and resolution of a problem or goal. The appropriateness of scratch and app inventor as educational environments for teaching introductory programming in primary and secondary education. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Venice, Italy, 2229 October 2017; pp. These general characteristics are called patterns when looking through the lens of computational thinking. Jaffe, J.S. One system might simply record present and absent. Several aspects should be taken into consideration, such as FLOPs, number of parameters, and inference time during deploying on resource-limited devices. Enhancing underwater imagery using generative adversarial networks. In this lesson, we will learn about the process of identifying common patterns in a Program including: Patterns exist everywhere. Copyright Learning.com 2023. 214223. We conducted feature fusion experiments between the encoder and decoder utilizing concatenate and aggregation, respectively. The programmer works with an idealized interface (usually well defined) and can add additional levels of functionality that would otherwise be too complex to handle. Relating natural language aptitude to individual differences in learning programming languages. The information needed will be surname only. Experiments on different datasets show that the enhanced image can achieve higher PSNR and SSIM values, and the mAP value also achieved significant results in the object detection task. Single underwater image enhancement using depth estimation based on blurriness. IPMGAN: Integrating physical model and generative adversarial network for underwater image enhancement. This is based on pattern recognition, similar to fingerprints. 7mNqp6obL -|.g`3~iwnq/d=1An<5a}$eLiYL#iACoF_DM@0uJLSf!i`H>/ Most participants will have navigated their way to this workshop and this is in itself a pattern recognition issues, mostly a transportation problem and an algorithmic design component as well. TEM Journal. [, Ding, X.; Zhang, X.; Ma, N.; Han, J.; Ding, G.; Sun, J. Repvgg: Making vgg-style convnets great again. The second step of the computational solution, Algorithmic Expression, is the heart of computational problem solving. Cycle-GAN [. But before we implement our solution in a particular programming language, we have to define an algorithmic solution for the problem were examining. Generalization like this allows us to identify characteristics that are common across seemingly disparate models, thus allowing us to adapt a solution from one domain to a supposedly unrelated domain. Information not needed is gender, age and date of birth as all this will be obtained from the student search. Here are some ideas. [. Thats all you need to know. Inspired by this trend, some scholars proposed to use the computing power of convolutional neural networks to calculate the parameters that need to be estimated in the physical imaging model [, The emergence of the GAN (generative adversarial network) opened up another path for image enhancement issues. Although each of the problems are different you should see a pattern in the problem types. 1996-2023 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. We certainly look at problem solving methods, often as patterns, and once recognized we apply the certain formulae or practices that lead to a solution. To do this, they type the students surname, click enter, and information is displayed. English Language Arts Students summarize a novel into a book review. Although there is an algorithm where one method may be faster than another, pattern matching is a key to com posing the solution. All of these required the people behind them to think about big, broad, and complex concepts; to break down the problem and to experiment; and to find patterns amongst the experimentations; and to eventually abstract this concrete knowledge to package it into these sterile statements that shelter us from the complexity and difficulty waded through to arrive at this law. Compared with the original distorted image, the processed image has a more natural tone and increased brightness, so the target in the image is clearer and easier to identify. 770778. In driving, we use pattern recognition to predict and respond to different traffic patterns processes. Different loss functions based on texture and content are combined with weights to constrain the generator and discriminator. The results show that our model produces better images, and has good generalization ability and real-time performance, which is more conducive to the practical application of underwater robot tasks. Structural reparameterization methods improved the ability of the model to extract features while also speeding up inference. Computer science is the study of computational processes and information processes. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our model achieved better results. Social Studies: Students coalesce the most important details shared in articles about a specific current event and write a brief about the event. hko We can then think of programs as being the computational solutions, the solutions to computable functions, that we express in some particular programming language. While pattern recognition is most commonly discussed as a step in computational thinking, we automatically use pattern recognition in our everyday lives. There is similarities to finding a shirt of your size in a clothing store. Similar to the EUVP dataset, using the trained CycleGAN [, Due to the lack of real underwater images, Silberman et al. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Venice, Italy, 2229 October 2017; pp. One way to think about information is data in some context. "A$n1D2ldfH e/X,r,fAd5Xl>}A`0Y"XMX"Sn)2L@_\8Lw_ O Cognitive Influences on Learning Programming. As technology continues to become more and Texas schools have big changes on the horizon when it comes to digital skills. Abstraction in computational thinking is a technique where we split individual parts of the program down into imaginary black boxes that carry out operations. SSIM is a metric used to measure the similarity of images, and it can also be used to judge the quality of images after compression. the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, Part of Springer Nature. All of these are needed to come up with the eventual computational solution to the problem. Patricia is grumpy and wants to build one dam in each neighbourhood that will cause trouble. A, Algorithmic Expression: We then need to find an algorithm, a precise sequence of steps, that solves the problem using appropriate data representations. This process occurs through filtering out irrelevant information and identifying whats most important. Li, C.; Guo, C.; Ren, W.; Cong, R.; Hou, J.; Kwong, S.; Tao, D. An underwater image enhancement benchmark dataset and beyond. The application scenarios of most existing models are still very restricted, and it is rare to achieve good results in both real and synthetic underwater image datasets. Ronneberger, O.; Fischer, P.; Brox, T. U-net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, Munich, Germany, 59 October 2015; pp. [, Zhu, J.Y. Your alarm on your smart phone wakes you in the morningthats powered by computer science. These are expressed as follows: UIQM is a non-referenced underwater image quality evaluation metric based on the human visual system excitation, mainly for the degradation mechanism and imaging characteristics of underwater images. In this sense, being able to represent the data and then manipulate it is itself a computational solution to a computable problem! In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Honolulu, HI, USA, 2126 July 2017; pp. Element interactivity and intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Venice, Italy, 2229 October 2017; pp. This helps the system storage by decreasing file size and also utilizes routines that are more efficient in processing. For those who have not tried . What's Next? The new primary curriculum (up to Year 3) and the secondary . You are accessing a machine-readable page. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051227, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. % Our web-based curriculum for grades K-12 engages students as they learn keyboarding, online safety, applied productivity tools, computational thinking, coding and more. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051227, Han, Jie, Jian Zhou, Lin Wang, Yu Wang, and Zhongjun Ding. More specifically, it is a set of skills and processes that enable individuals to navigate complex Were excited to share that Learning.coms EasyTech has won in this years Tech & Learning Awards of Excellence: Best of 2022 in the Primary Technology is undoubtedly a fixture in students lives. Using UICM (color measurement index), UISM (sharpness measurement index), UIConM (contrast measurement index) as the evaluation basis. Please note, this is not a comprehensive listing but is representative. Understanding abstraction enables students to make sense of problems they encounter, helping them to not be overwhelmed in the face of something complex and to persist, compute, iterate, and ideate. stream Through the learning of paired images, FE-GAN achieved end-to-end underwater image enhancement, which effectively improved the image quality. In this process, pattern recognition is Digital literacy refers to the knowledge and ability to use technology effectively and responsibly. It hides the underlying complexity in a programming language, which makes it simpler to implement algorithms and communicate with digital tools. Liu, P.; Wang, G.; Qi, H.; Zhang, C.; Zheng, H.; Yu, Z. All representations of a thing are inherently abstract. Have a look at the following website about the Gang of Four design patterns https://www.tutorialspoint.com/design_pattern/design_pattern_overview.htm. Given a generated image, Since we resized the image before the experiment, the values of. In Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), Quebec City, QC, Canada, 2730 September 2015; pp. Recognizing a pattern, or similar characteristics helps break down the problem and also build a construct as a path for the solution. Computational thinking (CT) is a set of thinking patterns that includes understanding problems with appropriate representation, reasoning at multiple levels of abstraction, and developing automated solutions [1]. Once you have decomposed a complex problem, it helps to look for similarities or 'patterns' in . IEEE. Li, C.; Anwar, S.; Porikli, F. Underwater scene prior inspired deep underwater image and video enhancement. While the phrase . For the ImageNet dataset, we randomly selected 628 pairs of real underwater images for testing. - 67.227.236.71. This article proposed an underwater image enhancement model FE-GAN (fast and efficient generative adversarial network) to solve these problems. 5 0 obj Like the other elements of computational thinking, abstraction occurs inherently and can be addressed throughout curriculum with students. MDPI and/or equip is an editorial to help you teach, prepare, and empower students to thrive in a connected and digital world. 71597165. We will relate these examples to modern solutions that deal with many more data items. We look for things that have similarity in each order to address the problem. [. A couple of examples are iPad apps for junior school, and Blooms Taxonomy. Deep residual learning for image recognition. This paper proposes a fast and efficient underwater image enhancement model based on conditional GAN with good generalization ability using aggregation strategies and concatenate operations to take full advantage of the limited hierarchical features. You may or may not be set homework for a particular lesson. Pattern recognition is a critical tool in computational thinking because it helps to simplify problems and improve comprehension of intricacies. British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC), London, UK, 47 September 2017; Volume 1. 694711. Students create a personal guide that dictates when to use the formal and informal you in Spanish class or the two to know verbs in French, which, mind you, always confounded me. One example of pattern recognition in everyday life is in mathematical formulas that we may use regularly, such as for tipping, converting measurements, determining mpg of a vehicle, etc. Pattern recognition is an essential tool in computational thinking in computer science as well as in everyday life. The pattern types have a similar solution and once you create an algorithm for each you may see some similarities, however recognizing the pattern type of the question helps to create the solution. ; data curation, L.W. School of Education, La Trobe University, Victoria, VIC, Australia, School of Education, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia, 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG, Zagami, J. As it sounds, pattern recognition is all about recognizing patterns. In software engineering and computer science, abstraction is a technique for arranging complexity of computer systems. Our web-based curriculum for grades K-12 engages students as they learn keyboarding, online safety, applied productivity tools, computational thinking, coding and more. A theoretical exploration of cognitive load to guide the teaching of computer programming by tailoring the use of different programming language types (visual vs textual) to the developmental needs of students relative to the complexity of the cognitive concepts being taught so that the cogitative processing capacity of students is not exceeded. Chen, R.; Cai, Z.; Cao, W. MFFN: An underwater sensing scene image enhancement method based on multiscale feature fusion network. and Y.W. Abstraction in learning is the process of taking away or removing certain characteristics of a complex problem to reduce it to its most essential components. 127 0 obj <>stream That is, she wants to block a single river so that beavers will not be able to travel between all pairs of ponds in the neighbourhood. Students generalize chord progressions for common musical genres into a set of general principles they can communicate. For them to use technology responsibly, safely and effectively, they need to understand the Digital literacy encompasses the skills required to use technology safely, effectively and responsibly. Sweller, J. For example, if youre driving on the freeway and you notice cars bunching together in the left lane down the road, you might decide to change into the right lane. ; writingreview and editing, J.H. EasyTech Wins Tech & Learning Awards of Excellence: Best of 2022, How One School District is Driving Digital Wellness in Students (& How to Join), What is Digital Literacy: Definition and Uses in Daily Life, Texas Technology Standards: Big Changes Need Big Solutions, Definition of Computer Science, Computational Thinking and Coding, Get Creative with Professional Development for Technology Integration. Isola et al. Sweller, J. [. Cognition and Instruction, 8(4), 293332. %PDF-1.5 % In this dataset, part of the images are collected by seven different camera equipment; the other part comes from images captured in YouTube videos. ; Park, T.; Isola, P.; Efros, A.A. Unpaired image-to-image translation using cycle-consistent adversarial networks. Using a Google public data site we ask participants to interpret visualization from the data. What are the patterns we can recognize? The main contributions of this paper are as follows: We present a hierarchical attention encoder (HAE) to fully extract texture detail information, and a dual residual block (DRB) can more efficiently utilize residual learning to accelerate network inference.
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